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Cardiologists are physicians who treat diseases and conditions affecting the heart and vascular system.
Cardiothoracic surgeons operate on the heart and lungs.
Many pain medications and other medications cause significant gastrointestinal side effects. These are best assessed by a gastroenterologist.
Neurologists do not perform surgery (neurosurgeons do). Neurologists often perform nerve conduction studies. With the spine, neurologists are capable of dealing with the spinal cord and associated nerves, but are less involved in spinal fractures, disc prolapse and facet joint pain